Tasmania makes and uses a lot of electricity every year. This picture checks the proposed data centres against that yearly total.
Most of Tasmania's electricity comes from water stored in lakes and dams: hydro made 6,343 of the 8,704 GWh generated in 2024-25.SOURCE-11
Electricity
One block equals 1,000 gigawatt-hours (GWh), a way to measure electricity used over a whole year.
- Made in Tasmania 8,704 GWh
- Tasmania's own use 10,671 GWh
- Firmus and Viridis 3,898 GWh
- Six confidential proposals, lower report 4,380 GWh
- Extra, if the higher report is right +1,796 GWh
SOURCE-11SOURCE-12SOURCE-13SOURCE-56SOURCE-57SOURCE-24
View as a table
| GWh | |
|---|---|
| Electricity made in Tasmania in 2024-25 | 8,704 |
| Bought in from the mainland (Basslink) | 2,509 |
| Tasmania's own use | 10,671 |
| Firmus and Viridis (445 MW) | 3,898 |
| Six confidential proposals, lower report (500 MW) | 4,380 |
| Extra, if the higher report is right (205 MW) | 1,796 |
If every proposed data centre runs at full load all year, together they could use between about 78% and 94% of all the electricity Tasmania used in 2024-25.SOURCE-11SOURCE-12SOURCE-13SOURCE-56SOURCE-57SOURCE-24
Measured against everything Tasmania generates, that same full-power scenario would need about 95% to 116% of the 8,704 gigawatt-hours generated in 2024-25 — at the high end, more than the state generates in a year.SOURCE-11SOURCE-12SOURCE-13SOURCE-56SOURCE-57SOURCE-24
Even though not all proposals will be built, we will not be able to generate the power required for them.
Hydro Tasmania calls the power system currently "in balance," making about as much power as it uses.SOURCE-70 On the year's own numbers that is a close call: in 2024-25 Tasmania brought in 2,509 gigawatt-hours from the mainland and sent out 542, a net import of 1,967 gigawatt-hours and the third import year in a row.SOURCE-11

Things break (Tungatinah)
Tungatinah Power Station, in the Central Highlands, caught fire overnight on 2–3 September 2026. The building was destroyed.SOURCE-17SOURCE-18
It made about 142 MW, Tasmania's fifth-largest hydro station, about 5% of the state's power supply. About 300 nearby households lost power.SOURCE-17SOURCE-18
Fire investigators say the blaze was accidental. No restart date has been given.SOURCE-19 Hydro Tasmania switched on the gas-fired Tamar Valley Power Station and said enough generation was running.SOURCE-18
This shows that Tasmania's power supply is not guaranteed. Things can and do break.
This map shows every data centre site found in Tasmania: seven existing computer rooms, plus the new AI data centres building, approved, proposed or still confidential. Only two of the six confidential proposals have a public location: one in the North-West, one at the old smelter site in George Town.SOURCE-56SOURCE-57SOURCE-12
Map of Tasmania showing data centre sites by stage: operating, building, approved, proposed and confidential.
- Operating: seven existing data centres, mostly older computer rooms.SOURCE-1SOURCE-2SOURCE-3SOURCE-4SOURCE-9SOURCE-10
- Building now: Firmus, St Leonards, near Launceston.SOURCE-7SOURCE-8SOURCE-12
- Approved: Firmus Bell Bay (288 MW)SOURCE-61, Viridis Burnie (about 1 MW)SOURCE-13
- Proposed: Firmus Wesley Vale (52 MW).SOURCE-5SOURCE-63
- Confidential: six proposals, companies not named.SOURCE-56SOURCE-57SOURCE-12
Map notes and credits
Locations shown are approximate. Four of the six confidential proposals have no published location. Map: Natural Earth (public domain); place coordinates © OpenStreetMap contributors, ODbL.
Data centres need water, or another liquid, to stay cool. Here's a simple 3-step explainer.
Data centres use water to cool computer chips, for training an AI model or answering a question.SOURCE-45SOURCE-47 Some is used on site, some at the power stations that generate the electricity.SOURCE-45SOURCE-46SOURCE-47
-
1Where the water comes from
Water can come from TasWater, rain tanks, or a truck. Wesley Vale plans four 250,000-litre rain tanks plus trucked-in water, with no TasWater connection.SOURCE-5SOURCE-20SOURCE-21 No source found says where St Leonards or Bell Bay get theirs.
-
2When water evaporates
In evaporative cooling towers, up to 85% of the water used turns into vapour and leaves the catchment.SOURCE-27 Only some of a site's water is used this way.SOURCE-28
-
3A sealed loop trades water for electricity
A sealed loop, like St Leonards' or Bell Bay's, keeps liquid inside and tops up only to replace leaks.SOURCE-27SOURCE-29 No site has published a leak rate. Avoiding evaporation costs more electricity, so Wesley Vale takes a middle path: 20 chillers plus 20 water-spray coolers that switch on above 26°C.SOURCE-5SOURCE-20SOURCE-21
Tasmanian sites and the wider picture
This chart projects every proposed data centre from Firmus's own figures. No other proposal has published water figures.SOURCE-20SOURCE-26SOURCE-12SOURCE-13SOURCE-24
Water used by data centres and homes
One block equals one Olympic pool, 2.5 million litres.SOURCE-30
George Town homes: +225 more pools
- Firmus's three sites, company figures 12.7 million L
- Other proposals, projected 14.3 million L
- Extra, if the higher total is right +5.9 million L
George Town's homes use about 20 to 25 times more water each year than every proposed data centre combined.
A projection from Firmus's combined water use per megawatt, not a disclosure. No other proposal has published its own water figures, and cooling designs differ between sites.SOURCE-20SOURCE-26SOURCE-12SOURCE-13SOURCE-24SOURCE-31SOURCE-32
Across every proposed data centre, that's about 149 to 181 average Tasmanian homes' worth of water a year.SOURCE-20SOURCE-26SOURCE-12SOURCE-13SOURCE-24SOURCE-31SOURCE-32
These generators back up mains power, and run for testing.SOURCE-22SOURCE-23
Wesley Vale plans 40 diesel generators holding up to 400,000 litres on site.SOURCE-25
Bell Bay is approved for 276 generators. How much diesel they'd hold hasn't been made public.SOURCE-22SOURCE-23SOURCE-33
Diesel
One block equals one day of diesel sold in Tasmania, about 1.75 million litres on average.SOURCE-50
- Diesel on hand or on the way, lower figure 48 days
- Higher figure, same day +10
- Diesel burned, lower estimate 3.1 days
- Extra, for a higher total or a higher burn rate +1.1
These burn figures are a scenario using generic manufacturer rates. No operator has confirmed what it would actually use.SOURCE-48SOURCE-49SOURCE-50SOURCE-24SOURCE-12SOURCE-13SOURCE-35SOURCE-36
View as a table
| Litres | Days of Tasmania's diesel sales | |
|---|---|---|
| Tasmania's average diesel sales, one day | 1,747,671 | 1 |
| Diesel Tasmania had on hand or on the way, April 2026 | Not disclosed | 48–58 |
| Every proposed data centre, 24 hours at full power | 5,352,480–7,286,400 | 3.1–4.2 |
The same diesel in road tankers 149–202SOURCE-37
One truck equals one road tanker, 36,000 litres.
The council limits Bell Bay's generators to 24 hours a year, out of 8,760.SOURCE-22SOURCE-23
Firmus has appealed that limit to the state tribunal, wanting to run the generators when the grid is stretched. The appeal is undecided.SOURCE-33
At full load for 24 hours, every proposal would take an estimated 5.4 to 7.3 million litres of diesel — 3.1 to 4.2 days of Tasmania's average diesel sales.SOURCE-24SOURCE-12SOURCE-13SOURCE-35SOURCE-36SOURCE-50
In road tankers, that's 149 to 202 trucks at 36,000 litres each. The higher figure assumes the disputed 705 MW confidential total.SOURCE-37SOURCE-57SOURCE-24SOURCE-12SOURCE-13
Two separate bushfire questions come up around these sites: the fuel stored on site, and who would fight a fire there.
1. Diesel stored on site
Wesley Vale could store up to 400,000 litres of diesel on site.SOURCE-25 At Bell Bay, the council required an updated bushfire and emergency plan before construction, after Firmus corrected its generator count from 128 to 276.SOURCE-22SOURCE-23 Both sites sit in a mapped bushfire-prone area, which needs a bushfire hazard plan.SOURCE-34 The vegetation mapped around Bell Bay is dry eucalypt forest, a type adapted to burn.SOURCE-38SOURCE-39SOURCE-40 Wesley Vale sits on farmland that is also mapped bushfire-prone.SOURCE-38SOURCE-40 Four of the six confidential proposals have no published location, so whether they would sit in bushfire-prone areas is unknown.SOURCE-56SOURCE-57 The one named site among them, the closed Liberty Bell Bay smelter, is mapped bushfire-prone too.SOURCE-38SOURCE-40
2. Who fights the fire
As the climate warms, Tasmania is projected to get more than double the Very High Fire Danger days by 2100, and the weather systems behind its worst fires are projected to become more frequent.SOURCE-54SOURCE-55 If a fire starts at a data centre on one of those days, who fights it is a fair question.
Data centres don't run their own fire service. An airport over 350,000 passengers a year must have one.SOURCE-51 A refinery, as a major hazard facility, must keep fire-fighting equipment and trained staff on site.SOURCE-53 The building code asks a data centre only for hydrants and sprinklers the fire service uses.SOURCE-52 In 2022-23 the Tasmania Fire Service had 518 staff, 353 of them career firefighters, and relies heavily on volunteers.SOURCE-41 Fires this size have taken real resources elsewhere: a 2021 battery fire in Victoria needed more than 30 fire trucks and about four days, and a 2021 data-centre fire in France needed 115 firefighters and 44 vehicles — and the building was still destroyed.SOURCE-43 SOURCE-44 The SES doesn't fight fires. Its bushfire role is support: evacuations, traffic control and logistics.SOURCE-41SOURCE-42
Bell Bay is a 288 MW site, so Firmus's projected 115 ongoing jobs come to about 0.4 per megawatt.SOURCE-61SOURCE-63SOURCE-74SOURCE-75 Ratios from Virginia's data centre workforce run 1.1 to 1.5 jobs per megawatt, and Ireland's roughly 3 to 5.SOURCE-59SOURCE-60 The Bell Bay application drew 349 written submissions. The council approved it anyway, 6 votes to 1.SOURCE-61SOURCE-62SOURCE-64SOURCE-6
Here is each argument for building data centres in Tasmania, with a short check underneath.
Jobs and investment
The government says data centres offer jobs, investment and a more varied economy.SOURCE-67SOURCE-68SOURCE-69
The check: Firmus projects 380 or more construction jobs and 115 or more ongoing jobs at Bell Bay, the company's own projection.SOURCE-74SOURCE-75 If Bell Bay ran at its full 288 MW all year, that is about 22,000 MWh of power for each of the 115 ongoing jobs.SOURCE-74
Renewable power
The government says Tasmania's renewable energy gives it room to host data centres.SOURCE-67SOURCE-68
The check: Hydro Tasmania calls the system "in balance," not in surplus.SOURCE-70 And as shown earlier, Tasmania has now imported more power than it sent out for three financial years running.SOURCE-11
New power built for them
The draft rules ask developers to help build new renewable power.SOURCE-67SOURCE-68SOURCE-69 Firmus says it will pay to build double the renewable energy it uses.SOURCE-76
The check: This rule is still a draft, open for consultation.SOURCE-68 You are part of that consultation.
Helping pay for Marinus Link
A Marinus Link spokesperson says data centre demand shows the new mainland cable is needed.SOURCE-71
The check: The chair of the Climate Change Authority says the extra load "does bring into doubt" the cable's business case.SOURCE-71 Marinus Link's first stage is a 750 MW cable, and it now costs about $5 billion.SOURCE-14SOURCE-15SOURCE-16 Data centre demand is being used to help justify that spend.SOURCE-71
Cooler climate, less cooling
Firmus claims a Power Usage Effectiveness of 1.03 against a global average of 1.59. That score counts all the energy a site uses beyond the computing itself — cooling, power conversion, lighting — not cooling alone.SOURCE-73
The check: This is a company figure with no independent audit found. Nordic sites report 1.1 to 1.15.SOURCE-72SOURCE-73SOURCE-79 Nordic data centre sites are much further from the equator than Tasmania. Iceland lies between 63.4° and 66.5° north, while Tasmania's southern tip is 43.6° south.SOURCE-80SOURCE-81
Helping the power grid
Firmus says its sites can cut their power use when supply is short, and already provide grid services.SOURCE-72SOURCE-77
The check: The system actually registered at St Leonards wasn't a battery. It cuts the site's power use fast, and by early 2022 it reached 17 MW. A separate 2 MW battery there hadn't started working yet. Nothing independent confirms this at Bell Bay's larger scale.SOURCE-77SOURCE-78
The Tasmanian Government is asking for feedback on its draft rules for data centre and AI infrastructure developers, called the draft Statement of Expectations. It covers renewable energy, network costs, water use and community engagement. Submissions close 12 October 2026.SOURCE-58
Submissions can cover any part of the plan: energy, water, jobs or community impact. The official page explains how to respond.
Opens the Tasmanian Government's consultation site.
See the consultation’s questions
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This site collects nothing about you. If you make a submission, that goes to the Tasmanian Government directly, under its own process.
Want all the detail? Read the 30-minute version of this page.
Sources
Every fact and figure on this page links to where it came from.
See all sources
Every figure on this page links to the source it came from. A source's colour shows which part of the story it supports.
- LOC Individual sites: location, operator, capacity, planning status.
- GRD The power grid: supply, demand, dams, Basslink.
- ENV Water, land, heat, diesel and bushfire risk.
- COM Communities, councils, the six confidential proposals, parliament.
- STY Claims made for data centres, checked against evidence.
- PAR Comparable places elsewhere, such as Iceland and Amsterdam.
- Primary — the original document
- Independent — research or analysis
- Industry — a company or trade body
- Media — news reporting
- Advocacy — a campaigning group
- Reference — a standard, spec or statistical series
In the list below, click a code with an arrow ↑ to jump back to the place on the page where that source is used.
See all 81 sources
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- SOURCE-21 (same article as ENV-01 — cooling trigger temperature and DA submission dates) (opens in a new tab), ABC News.
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- SOURCE-28 Data centre water consumption (opens in a new tab), npj Clean Water.
- SOURCE-29 Australia's Firmus launches immersion-cooled bare metal AI cloud with STT GDC (opens in a new tab), Data Center Dynamics.
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- SOURCE-32 George Town, 2021 Census Community Profile / QuickStats (opens in a new tab), Australian Bureau of Statistics.
- SOURCE-33 AI data centre company Firmus lodges TASCAT appeal against council's 'unreasonable' restricted generator use (opens in a new tab), ABC News.
- SOURCE-34 C13.0 Bushfire-Prone Areas Code (opens in a new tab), Tasmanian Planning Commission / Dept. of State Growth.
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- SOURCE-41 State Fire Commission Annual Report 2022-23 (opens in a new tab), Tasmania Fire Service / State Fire Commission.
- SOURCE-42 "About" page (opens in a new tab), Tasmania State Emergency Service (SES).
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- SOURCE-44 Reporting on the OVHcloud SBG2 data centre fire, Strasbourg, 10 March 2021 (opens in a new tab), The Stack / Data Center Dynamics. Also: datacenterdynamics.com (opens in a new tab).
- SOURCE-45 Making AI Less 'Thirsty': Uncovering and Addressing the Secret Water Footprint of AI Models (opens in a new tab), Li, Yang, Islam & Ren (UC Riverside / UT Arlington); arXiv preprint, later published in Communications of the ACM.
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- SOURCE-47 The Real Story on AI Water Usage at Data Centers (opens in a new tab), IEEE Spectrum.
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Credits and licensing
See all 10 photo credits
- Gordon Dam, south-west Tasmania (opens in a new tab) — Photo: BennyG3255, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0) (opens in a new tab), cropped and resized.
- Transmission towers at Bell Bay, Tasmania (opens in a new tab) — Photo: 1Ink, Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) (opens in a new tab), cropped and resized.
- Tungatinah Power Station, Central Highlands, Tasmania (2017, before the 2026 fire) (opens in a new tab) — Photo: Gary Houston, CC0 1.0 Universal (Public Domain Dedication) (opens in a new tab), cropped and resized.
- Server racks in a data centre (not in Tasmania) (opens in a new tab) — Photo: Carl Lender, Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Generic (CC BY 2.0) (opens in a new tab), cropped and resized.
- Tamar River near Beauty Point, Tasmania (opens in a new tab) — Photo: Steven Penton, Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Generic (CC BY 2.0) (opens in a new tab), cropped and resized.
- Generator hall, NORAD Cheyenne Mountain Complex, Colorado (not in Tasmania) (opens in a new tab) — Photo: Bob Simons, U.S. Air Force, Public Domain (work of a U.S. federal government employee, created in the course of official duties) (opens in a new tab), cropped and resized.
- Dry sclerophyll forest, Sandford, Tasmania (opens in a new tab) — Photo: Mgbird26, Dual-licensed GNU Free Documentation License 1.2+ and Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported (CC BY-SA 3.0) (opens in a new tab), cropped and resized.
- Data centre under construction, Wissous, France (not in Tasmania) (opens in a new tab) — Photo: Like tears in rain, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0) (opens in a new tab), cropped and resized.
- Basslink converter station, George Town, Tasmania (opens in a new tab) — Photo: Minze2810, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0) (opens in a new tab), cropped and resized.
- Lake Pedder, south-west Tasmania (opens in a new tab) — Photo: SamCoCh, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0) (opens in a new tab), cropped and resized.








